Migration is an emerging issue in Bhutan that has wider social, economic, and ecological implications.
While migration and mobility have always been central to the human condition, and specifically also
to the course of Bhutan’s history, it is observed that Bhutanese society today is increasingly on the
move with growing corridors of internal (rural-urban; highland-valley) and international (to Australia,
Canada, the Gulf, and elsewhere) migration. Motivations to migrate may be various, including push
factors such as climate change, human-wildlife conflicts, and declining agricultural returns. It is also
spurred by pull-factors such as employment opportunities, education, new aspirations, and
perceived attractions of urban and transnational lifestyles. Further, climate change and related socioeconomic and ecological crisis, will increasingly influence migration decisions in Bhutan, as in the
larger Hindu-Kush-Himalaya region, with people either choosing, or being forced to move from less
to more livable places.

Migrants generally experience mixed, often gendered, opportunities, challenges, and vulnerabilities
in their destination areas, whether inside Bhutan or elsewhere. They also often maintain linkages
with their origin places. It is then simultaneously important to consider the effects increasing
outmigration has for origin places, for the populations who do not move; for instance in inflows of
remittances, ageing rural populations, the outflow of workforce, and uncertain agricultural/rural
futures. Migration has critical implications for planning, policy, and development. Policies are often
designed for current resident populations, whether in rural or urban areas, and may overlook the
mobility and immobility of people, particularly marginalized populations.

This conference invites papers exploring the social, economic, demographic, fiscal, policy,
development planning, cultural, and climate change dimensions of migration in Bhutan, aiming to
better integrate migration into an understanding of contemporary Bhutanese society, policy
imperatives, and emergent future scenarios. We welcome research papers addressing, but not
limited to, the following topics contextualized in Bhutan:

a) Migration and environmental change
b) Migration and rural-urban dynamics
c) Implications of migration on planning, policy, and development

d) Migration and gender, family, and kinship
e) The opportunities, challenges, and vulnerabilities encountered by migrants
f) Migration and remittances
g) Migration and rural/agrarian futures

Those interested in presenting should submit their abstract proposals (500 words) to hceh@rtc.bt  on
or before November 15 2024. Selected participants will be asked to submit their complete paper by
March 15, 2025. Selected presenters will be offered a modest honorarium to (partially) cover travel
and accommodation.

This national conference is organized in collaboration with the International Centre for Integrated
Mountain Development (ICIMOD) as part of the project titled: ‘Successful Intervention Pathways for
Migration as Adaptation (SUCCESS)’ funded through CLARE – the UK-Canada framework research
programme on Climate Adaptation and Resilience. This collaborative project seeks to generate new
knowledge and perspectives on the evaluation of climate adaptations and climate-resilient
development that involve migration, mobility and immobility across South Asian countries.

Migration is an emerging issue in Bhutan that has wider social, economic, and ecological implications. While migration and mobility have always been central to the human condition, and specifically also to the course of Bhutan’s history.

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